The Führer ( German : Führerhauptquartiere ), abbreviated FHQ , is the common name of official headquarters used by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and several German commanders and officials from throughout Europe during World War II . 1 Perhaps the best known is the seat of Führerbunker of Berlin , where Hitler committed suicide on 30 of April of 1945 .
Other notable headquarters are Wolfsschanze ( Wolf ‘s Lair ) in East Prussia , where he failed the conspiracy led by Claus von Stauffenberg to assassinate Hitler on 20 of July of 1944 , and the private home of Hitler, the Berghof in Obersalzberg , near Berchtesgaden , where he frequently met with prominent national and foreign officials.
Location of the General Barracks
The Kehlsteinhaus (“Eagle’s Nest”) (above) and the tunnel entrance to the elevator that goes up to it. It was associated with the Berghof which became part of the Obersalzberg military complex near Berchtesgaden . Photograph of 1945.
The location of the Führerbunker and Vorbunker in Berlin, 1945.
There were fourteen Führer General Headquarters completed (over 20 planned): 2
| First name | Alternative Designations | Location | Beginning of the works | Finalized | Used as Headquarters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adlerhorst 3 | Mühle (OT) Bauvorhaben Z Lager K Bauvorhaben C |
Bad Nauheim , Germany | September 1, 1939 | Yes | Yes - used by Hitler during the Battle of the Ardennes |
| Anlage Mitte 3 | Askania Mitte | Tomaszów Mazowiecki , Poland | December 1, 1940 | Yes | Yes - industrial only |
| Anlage Riese 2 | Do not | Wałbrzych , Poland | October 1943 | Do not | Do not |
| Anlage Süd 3 | Askania Süd | Strzyżów , Poland | October 1, 1940 | Yes | Yes - Hitler met Mussolini here on 27 and 28 August 1941 3 |
| Berghof 2 / Eagle’s Nest |
Do not | Obersalzberg , Berchtesgaden , Germany | What? | Yes | Yes - the Allies thought it might have been the Alpenfestung (‘Alpine fortress’), the last Nazi stronghold, in which the last fighting would take place |
| Bärenhöhle 4 | Do not | Smolensk , Russia | October 1, 1941 | Yes | No - used only by Army Group Center |
| Felsennest 5 | Do not | Rodert, Bad Münstereifel , Germany | 1940 | Yes | Yes - used by Hitler during the Battle of France in May 1940 |
| Führerbunker 6 | Do not | Berlin , Germany | 1936/1943 | Yes | Yes - Hitler committed suicide here in 1945 |
| Führersonderzug 1 | (Special Train) ‘Amerika’, ‘Brandenburg’ |
Miscellaneous (mobile) | 1939? | Yes | Yes |
| Olga 2 | Do not | 200 km north of Minsk , Belarus | July 1, 1943 | Do not | Do not |
| S III 2 | Wolfsturm, Olga, etc. | Ohrdruf , Germany | Fall of 1944 (?) | Do not | Do not |
| Siegfried 2 | Do not | Pullach , Germany | What? | What? | What? |
| Tannenberg 7 | Do not | Freudenstadt / Kniebis , Germany | October 1, 1939 | Yes | Yes (27 June - 5 July 1940) |
| W3 | Do not | Saint-Rimay by Vendôme , France | May 1, 1942 | Do not | Do not |
| Waldwiese 4 | Do not | Glan-Münchweiler , Germany | October 1, 1939 | Yes | Do not |
| Wasserburg 4 | Do not | Pskow (Pleskau), Russia | November 1, 1942 | Yes | No (assigned to Army Group North ) |
| Wehrwolf 3 | Eichenhain | Vinnytsia , Ukraine | November 1, 1941 | Yes | Yes |
| Wolfsschanze 8 | Askania Nord, «Lobo del Lobo» | Kętrzyn (Rastenburg), Poland | December 1, 1940 | Yes | Yes - place of the attack of 20 of July of 1944 |
| Wolfsschlucht I 9 | Do not | Brûly-de-Pesche, near Couvin , Belgium | May 1, 1940 | Yes | Yes |
| Wolfsschlucht II 3 | W2 | Margival , France | September 1, 1942 | Yes | Yes |
| Zigeuner 2 | Brunhilde | Thionville , France | April 1, 1944 | Yes | Yes |
See also
- Architecture of Nazi Germany
- Führerbunker
- SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
References
- ↑ Jump to:a b Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , Introduction and p. 1.
- ↑ Jump to:a b c d e f g Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , p. 2.
- ↑ Jump to:a b c d e f Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , pp. 48-51.
- ↑ Jump to:a b c Der Kommandant Führerhauptquartier from Das Bundesarchiv (German, www.bundesarchiv.de).
- Back to top↑ Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , p. Four.
- Back to top↑ The Berlin Führerbunker: The Thirteenth Hole, After the Battle , No.61 Special Edition (entire).
- Back to top↑ Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , p. 18.
- Back to top↑ Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , p. 28.
- Back to top↑ Raiber, Richard, Guide to Hitler’s Headquarters, After The Battle, No.19 , p. 10.